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Descriptive Statements:
- Recognize theories, principles, sequences, stages, and characteristics of
physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the interrelationships and factors that affect physical,
emotional, social, and cognitive development throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of techniques, strategies, and resources for fostering optimal
physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of heredity and environment on an individual's needs,
roles, and goals throughout the life span.
Sample Item:
At which of the following ages do children typically
begin to use coping mechanisms to control
their emotional responses consistently?
- birth to one year
- two to four years
- five to seven years
- eight to ten years
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. This question requires the examinee to recognize a stage of emotional development in children.
By the time a child has reached toddlerhood (ages two to four), he or she will typically have developed
the ability to control his or her emotional responses consistently. The coping mechanisms children will
typically have developed at this age include restricting sensory input, self-comforting, and the use of
language to express oneself.
Descriptive Statements:
- Recognize the types, characteristics, and importance of interpersonal relationships for supporting well-being.
- Analyze personal and environmental factors that affect the formation and maintenance of respectful and caring interpersonal relationships.
- Recognize communication skills and barriers to communication and their effects on relationships.
- Demonstrate knowledge of decision-making, problem-solving, conflict resolution, and crisis management skills.
Sample Item:
After work, two roommates enter into a heated argument over who should wash the dishes that
were left in the sink that morning. At this point, the roommates can best prevent this
conflict from escalating further if:
- they write down their arguments to vent their feelings.
- one roommate washes the dishes and the other accepts this as the end of the argument.
- they agree to take some time apart before discussing the issue further.
- a third party is called in to listen to their arguments and decide who is right.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
C. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of conflict resolution skills.
By taking some time apart before discussing the issue further, the roommates give themselves the opportunity
to de-escalate their emotional responses to the situation and think more clearly about the issue before
resuming a discussion. This will support their having a rational and respectful conversation that is more
likely to lead to a mutually acceptable resolution.
Descriptive Statements:
- Recognize types of families and family structures, needs and functions of families, and roles and responsibilities of family members.
- Demonstrate knowledge of public policies and social, cultural, and economic factors that affect families.
- Demonstrate knowledge of conflicts, crises, changes, and transitions that affect family well-being and of resources and services for families in need.
- Identify skills and strategies needed for building and maintaining healthy family relationships and for managing change and crisis.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the interrelatedness of personal, family, work, and community roles and responsibilities.
Sample Item:
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) supports eligible employees' ability to fulfill their
family roles after the birth or adoption of a child or when caring for a seriously ill family member by:
- requiring employers to provide employees with up to three months of paid leave per year.
- allowing employees to use sick time to take a child or family member to routine doctor's appointments.
- providing employees who leave their jobs with the option of buying health insurance through the company.
- guaranteeing employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year without risk of losing their jobs.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of public policies that affect families.
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a federal law that applies to employers with 50 or more employees.
Under FMLA, employees who have worked for such an employer for at least 12 months and 1,250 hours in the
preceding 12 months have the right to take an extended, unpaid leave of absence from work to handle the birth
or adoption of a child, or their own or an immediate family member's serious health condition without the
risk of being terminated from their jobs or being forced into a lower job upon their return.
Descriptive Statements:
- Identify factors that affect decisions about becoming a parent/guardian and ways parents/guardians and other members of the family system can prepare for the addition of a child.
- Recognize stages and physical changes that occur during pregnancy and childbirth and the effects of various factors on prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal health.
- Recognize parents'/guardians' legal and financial obligations to their children; various styles, expectations, and responsibilities of parenting; and the factors that affect parenting styles, expectations, and responsibilities.
- Demonstrate knowledge of developmentally appropriate strategies for promoting children's physical, social, intellectual, and emotional development and well-being.
- Demonstrate knowledge of strategies for promoting and maintaining a healthy environment for parents/guardians and children, including healthcare, hygienic needs, disease and accident prevention, first aid, and emergency planning.
- Recognize types, risk factors, causes, signs, and effects of child maltreatment.
- Analyze various child-care options, criteria for evaluating child-care programs, and characteristics of high-quality home and institutional caregivers.
Sample Item:
Across cultures, the primary goal for parents/guardians in socializing their children is to:
- teach children the norms and values of the society in which they live.
- develop in children a sense of security within their family structure.
- help children develop emotional resilience and high self-esteem.
- encourage children to develop friendships with members of their peer group.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
A. This question requires the examinee to recognize various expectations and
responsibilities of parenting. As the foundational unit of society, families are the
forum in which children first learn the norms and values of the society in which they live.
It is through this learning that children learn how to interact with others in their society.
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